Microbioma uterino en la incidencia de endometritis subclínica y eficiencia reproductiva en vacas lecheras de alta de producción: Una revisión

Marlyn Ivana Fortis-Mora; José Rubén Párraga-Zambrano

Autores/as

Fortis-Mora Marlyn Ivana Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria De Manabí Manuel Félix López. Calceta, Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9506-9346
Párraga-Zambrano José Rubén Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria De Manabí Manuel Félix López. Calceta, Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5976-0168

Palabras clave:

Vacas, Endometritis Subclínica, Disbiosis, Producción

Resumen

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/gt.v8i16.0255

Resumen

El microbioma uterino desempeña un papel crucial en la salud reproductiva de las vacas lecheras de alta producción, ya que, las alteraciones en su composición pueden favorecer la aparición de endometritis subclínica, por ello, comprender la interacción de bacterias benéficas como patógenas, permitirá desarrollar estrategias para mejorar la fertilidad, optimizando así la productividad y el bienestar en sistemas lecheros intensivos. En este contexto, el objetivo de estudio es identificar la relación entre el microbioma uterino y la incidencia de la endometritis subclínica en vacas de producción intensiva, para ello, el estudio se basó en una revisión bibliográfica documental mediante la búsqueda exhaustiva de varios artículos científicos en las bases de datos como Scielo, Pubmed, Dialnet; Sciencie Direct donde se indagó 60 artículos de los cuales 20 fueron seleccionados con rigor científico y en los cuales abordaron temas como el microbioma uterino, la disbiosis bacteriana y la relación que tiene en el desarrollo de endometritis subclínica. La disbiosis bacteriana, tiene influencia en el equilibrio de la microbiota uterina, ya que un desbalance puede alterar procesos como la homeostasis local, que favorece a procesos inflamatorios, e infecciones por la presencia de bacterias invasoras, por tanto un monitoreo del ambiente uterino es una herramienta clave para prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de estas patologías y utilizar estrategias para restaurar el equilibrio bacteriano se podrían mejorar las tasas de fertilidad, consolidando su importancia en el ámbito reproductivo.

Palabras claves: Vacas, Endometritis Subclínica, Disbiosis, Producción.

Abstract

The uterine microbiome plays a crucial role in the reproductive health of high-producing dairy cows, since alterations in its composition can favor the appearance of subclinical endometritis. Therefore, understanding the interaction of beneficial and pathogenic bacteria will allow the development of strategies to improve fertility, thus optimizing productivity and welfare in intensive dairy systems. In this context, the objective of the study is to identify the relationship between the uterine microbiome and the incidence of subclinical endometritis in cows of intensive production, for this, the study was based on a documentary literature review through an exhaustive search of several scientific articles in databases such as Scielo, Pubmed, Dialnet; Sciencie Direct where 60 articles were investigated, 20 of which were selected with scientific rigor and which addressed topics such as the uterine microbiome, bacterial dysbiosis and the relationship it has in the development of subclinical endometritis. Bacterial dysbiosis influences the balance of the uterine microbiota, since an imbalance can alter processes such as local homeostasis, which favors inflammatory processes and infections due to the presence of invading bacteria. Therefore, monitoring the uterine environment is a key tool for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of these pathologies and the use of strategies to restore the bacterial balance.

Keywords: Cows, Subclinical Endometritis, Dysbiosis, Production.

Información del manuscrito:
Fecha de recepción: 05 de mayo de 2025.
Fecha de aceptación: 22 de julio de 2025.
Fecha de publicación: 19 de agosto de 2025.

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