La enfermería y el conocimiento de las madres sobre los signos de alarma en los recién nacidos: Revisión sistemática
Palabras clave:
Recién Nacido, Madres, Cuidados de Enfermería, Educación en Salud, Conocimientos, Actitudes y Prácticas en Salud, Urgencias MédicasResumen
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/gt.v9i18edespsep.0407
Resumen
Introducción y Objetivo: El período neonatal representa la etapa de mayor vulnerabilidad biológica. Ante el limitado reconocimiento materno de los signos de peligro, el objetivo fue sintetizar la evidencia científica publicada entre 2021 y 2026 sobre la efectividad de las intervenciones educativas de enfermería en el conocimiento materno de estos signos. Metodología: Bajo lineamientos PRISMA y criterios PICO, se revisaron PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, Lilacs y Redalyc entre 2021 y 2026. Se emplearon descriptores MeSH/DeCS: Madres, Recién Nacido, Atención de Enfermería, Educación en Salud y Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud, combinados mediante operadores booleanos AND y OR en la estrategia de búsqueda. Resultados: Se incluyeron 20 artículos, distribuidos según tres preguntas de investigación: diez evaluaron intervenciones formales de enfermería, cinco describieron el conocimiento basal sin intervención activa y cinco compararon modelos comunitarios articulados con enfermería frente a los formales hospitalarios. El nivel de conocimiento de las mamás al inicio es bastante bajo (apenas un 14.0% llega a ser adecuado), ya que prácticamente solo identifican la fiebre. En cambio, cuando se aplican intervenciones que incluyen demostraciones prácticas, retroalimentación o comunicación de ida y vuelta como rotafolios, videos, programas de transición y consejería en tiempo real mejora notablemente la capacidad para reconocer señales de alerta como la ictericia, la letargia, la hipotermia y las infecciones en el cordón umbilical. Por el contrario, los mensajes automáticos que van en una sola dirección y el trabajo comunitario sin la supervisión de enfermería no sirven de mucho. Conclusiones: Las actividades de educación a cargo de enfermería funcionan muy bien cuando suman interacción, práctica y supervisión directa de profesionales, sin importar si se realizan en un hospital o en la comunidad. Desde el punto de vista clínico, hace falta replantear con urgencia los protocolos para dar de alta a los pacientes, apostando por formatos visuales e interactivos, y coordinando y supervisando las redes comunitarias bajo la guía de enfermeras profesionales para proteger mejor a los recién nacidos.
Palabras claves: Recién Nacido, Madres, Cuidados de Enfermería, Educación en Salud, Conocimientos, Actitudes y Prácticas en Salud, Urgencias Médicas.
Abstract
Introduction and Objective: The neonatal period represents the stage of greatest biological vulnerability. Given mothers’ limited recognition of warning signs, the objective was to synthesize the scientific evidence published between 2021 and 2026 on the effectiveness of nursing education interventions in improving mothers’ knowledge of these signs. Methodology: Following PRISMA guidelines and PICO criteria, PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, Lilacs, and Redalyc were searched between 2021 and 2026. The following MeSH/DeCS terms were used: Mothers, Newborn, Nursing Care, Health Education, and Health Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice, combined using the Boolean operators AND and OR in the search strategy. Results: Twenty articles were included, distributed across three research questions: ten evaluated formal nursing interventions, five described baseline knowledge without active intervention, and five compared community-based models coordinated with nursing versus formal hospital-based models. Mothers' baseline level of knowledge is quite low (only 14.0% reaches an adequate level), since they practically only identify fever. In contrast, when interventions that include practical demonstrations, feedback, or two-way communication are applied such as flip charts, videos, transition programs, and real-time counseling the ability to recognize warning signs such as jaundice, lethargy, hypothermia, and umbilical cord infections improves notably. Conversely, one-way automated messages and community work without nursing supervision are of little use. Conclusions: Nursing-led education activities work very well when they add interaction, practice, and direct professional supervision, regardless of whether they take place in a hospital or in the community. From a clinical standpoint, there is an urgent need to rethink discharge protocols, favoring visual and interactive formats, and coordinating and supervising community networks under the guidance of professional nurses to better protect newborns.
Keywords: Newborn, Mothers, Nursing Care, Health Education, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices, Medical Emergencies.
Información del manuscrito:
Fecha de recepción: 15 de junio de 2026.
Fecha de aceptación: 17 de agosto de 2026.
Fecha de publicación: 11 de septiembre de 2026.
Descargas
Citas
Abdissa, H. G., Duguma Gebeyehu Bulcha, Gerbaba Muluwew, Noll Josef, Sori Demisew Amenu, & Koricha Zewdie Birhanu. (2026). Effect of gain- versus loss-framed messages on improving newborn care practices among mothers: A three-arm cluster randomized controlled trial. Bmc Pregnancy And Childbirth. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-026-08953-1
Alinaitwe, B., Francis, N., Ngabirano, T. D., Kato, C., Nakamya, P., Uwimbabazi, R., Kaplan, A., McCoy, M., Ayebare, E., & Winter, J. (2024). Delivery of a post-natal neonatal jaundice education intervention improves knowledge among mothers at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital in Uganda. PLOS ONE, 19(4), e0301512. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301512
Alinaitwe, B., Nkunzimaana, F., Kato, C., Uwimbabazi, R., Nakamya, P., McCoy, M., Kaplan, A., Ayebare, E., Winter, J., & Ngabirano, T. D. (2025). Maternal awareness of newborn danger signs before discharge: A secondary analysis of baseline data from a quasi-experimental study in Uganda. Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatology, 11(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40748-025-00214-x
Apetorgbor, V., Awini, Elizabeth, Ghosh, Bidisha, Zielinski, Ruth, Amankwah, Georgina, Kukula, Vida A., James, K., Williams, John E. O., Lori, J. R., & Moyer, C. A. (2024). The impact of group antenatal care on newborns: Results of a cluster randomized control trial in Eastern Region, Ghana. Bmc Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-024-05225-9
Consales, A., Colombo, Lorenzo, & Zanotta, Lidia, Morniroli, Daniela, Sannino, Patrizio, Rampini, Serena, Piccoli, Giulia, Donghi, Michaela, Marchisio, Paola, Mosca, Fabio, Plevani, Laura, Giannì, Maria Lorella. (2022). Pilot Feasibility Study of a Hospital-Based Post-Natal Educational Intervention on New Mothers in a BFHI-Compliant Tertiary Referral Center for Neonatal Care. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042020
Duby, J., Kabajaasi, Olive, & Khan, Fahima, Wiens, Matthew O., Nathan, Nambuya, Harriet. Kenya Mugisha. (2025). Studying the Effectiveness of Video-Assisted Education in Teaching Ugandan Mothers to Monitor Their Hospitalised Infant. Acta Paediatrica. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.70136
El Ayadi, A. M., Diamond-Smith, N. G., & Duggal, M., Singh, Pushpendra, Sharma, Preetika, Kaur, Jasmeet, Gopalakrishnan, Lakshmi, Gill, Navneet, Verma, Garima Singh, Ahuja, Alka, Kumar, Vijay, Weil, Laura, Bagga, Rashmi. (2025). Preliminary impact of an mHealth education and social support intervention on maternal health knowledge and outcomes among postpartum mothers in Punjab, India. Bmc Pregnancy And Childbirth. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07310-y
Eluri, S., Baliga, B. Shantharam, Rao, Suchetha S., Vinayagamoorthy, V., & Kamath, Nutan. (2022). Can Flip-Chart Assisted Maternal Education Improve Essential New Born Care Knowledge and Skills? A Randomized Controlled Trial. Maternal And Child Health Journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-022-03409-2
Ha Manh, T., Le Thi Ai, My, & Nguyen Tuan, Anh, Le Viet, Tung. (2023). Knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers during care of children with acute respiratory infections under 5 years old. International Journal Of Africa Nursing Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2023.100613
Halake, D. G., Isinta Maranga, E., Mativo Nzioki, J., & Gachohi, J. (2024). Enhancing pastoralist women’s knowledge of danger signs through home-based life-saving skills intervention in Northern Kenya: A quasi experimental study. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 26, 101539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101539
Kavitha, K., Patil, M. M., Sikandar, B. J., & Soraganvi, V. (2025). Effectiveness of the nurse-led multi-component BRIDGE program on maternal competence and selected post-discharge outcomes of preterm babies: A randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 165, 105027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2025.105027
Leta, Masresha. (2022). Level of knowledge toward essential newborn care practices among postnatal mothers in governmental hospitals of Harar Town, Eastern Ethiopia. Sage Open Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121221076364
Nalina, A., Shashidhar, A., & Bhatia, A., Bisanalli, Shridevi, Rao, P. N. Suman. (2025). Feasibility of Implementing Resuscitation Training for Parents of At-risk Infants at Discharge (FIRST AID). Indian Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13312-025-3352-z
Pal, D., Sahu, D. P., Sighal, K., Patnaik, A., Mishra, A., Parida, S. P., & Singh, A. K. (2026). Assessment of Home-based Newborn Care in A Rural Block of Odisha Using a Structured Framework: A Concurrent Mixed-method study. Indian Journal of Community Medicine. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_666_24
Peng, J., Wetzler, Erica, Wandika, Brenda, Kithao, Peninah, Moraa, June, Udren, Jenna I., Schultes, O., Akinyi, Esther, Osborn, Lusi, Hedstrom, Anna, Richardson, Barbra A., & Kumar, M., Wamalwa, Dalton, Kinuthia, John, Ronen, Keshet, Unger, Jennifer A. (2025). Associations between text communication engagement and maternal-neonatal outcomes in the Mobile WACh NEO Trial. Plos Digital Health. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0000968
Singh, N., Rao, Suchetha S., & Mithra, P., Manjrekar, Poornima, Kamath, Nutan, Baliga, B. Shantharam. (2022). Improving Underweight Mothers’ Essential Newborn Care During Early Infancy: A Single-Blinded, Parallel-Randomized, Controlled Trial. The Journal Of Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.01.005
Tesfau, Y. B., Gebrehiwot, T. G., Godefay, H., & Kahsay, A. B. (2022). Effect of health facility linkage with community using postnatal card on postnatal home visit coverage and newborn care practices in rural Ethiopia: A controlled quasi-experimental study design. PLOS ONE, 17(5), e0267686. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267686
Unar-Munguía, Mishel, González de Cosío, & Teresita, Escalante-Izeta, Ericka Ileana, Ferré-Eguiluz, Isabel, Sachse-Aguilera, Matthias, Herrera, Carolina. (2021). Evaluating the effect of the initiative «Caring for the Newborn and the Mother at Home» in Mexico. Public Health Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980020003948
Wudu, M. A., Bekalu, Yemane Eshetu, Birehanu, Tarikua Afework, & Gebrye, Dagne Belete, Hailu, Molla Kassa. (2024). Level of knowledge about neonatal danger signs and associated factors among postpartum mothers in public hospitals, northeastern Ethiopia. Pediatrics And Neonatology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2023.10.010
Zhou, J., Hua, Wenzhe, & Zheng, Qiaomu, Cai, Qin, Zhang, Xi, Jiang, Liping. (2022). Knowledge about neonatal danger signs and associated factors among mothers of children aged 0-12 months in a rural county, Southwest of China: A cross-sectional study. Bmc Pregnancy And Childbirth. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-04592-4
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Derechos de autor 2026 Revista Científica Arbitrada en Investigaciones de la Salud GESTAR. ISSN: 2737-6273.

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
















