Efectividad del entrenamiento contra-resistencia en la rehabilitación de la tendinopatía aquílea en futbolistas y basquetbolistas
Palabras clave:
tendinopatía aquílea, entrenamiento contra-resistencia, ejercicio excéntrico, fútbol, baloncesto, rehabilitaciónResumen
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/gt.v9i18edespsep.0433
Resumen
La tendinopatía aquílea restringe el corte, salto y carrera que son fundamentales para el fútbol y el baloncesto. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la eficacia del entrenamiento de resistencia en el dolor, la función y las propiedades mecánicas del tendón, y el tiempo para volver al deporte. Se diseñó una revisión sistemática utilizando el enfoque PRISMA 2020. Se realizó una búsqueda de documentos publicados desde enero de 2021 hasta agosto de 2026. Los términos utilizados fueron tendinopatía de Aquiles, ejercicio, carga, rehabilitación y resistencia. Después de eliminar duplicados, se evaluaron 79 registros, se evaluaron 48 textos completos y se incluyeron 30 artículos. La evidencia mostró mayores beneficios para el dolor y la función con programas de carga progresiva. Se reportaron resultados favorables para resistencia excéntrica, pesada y lenta, y programas escalonados, sin que ninguna modalidad de entrenamiento específica demostrara ser superior. La carga del tendón se modificó por dosis, dorsiflexión, velocidad y ejecución. La investigación en jugadores de fútbol y baloncesto con diagnóstico confirmado fue limitada. El entrenamiento de resistencia puede emplearse en la rehabilitación siempre que la progresión esté de acuerdo con el tipo de tendinopatía, la irritabilidad, la tolerancia y las demandas del deporte.
Palabras claves: tendinopatía aquílea, entrenamiento contra-resistencia, ejercicio excéntrico, fútbol, baloncesto, rehabilitación.
Abstract
Achilles tendinopathy affects running, jumping and multidirectional tasks in football and basketball. This review assessed the effectiveness of resistance-based exercise on pain, function, tendon mechanical properties and return to sport. The systematic review followed the guidelines from Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement. An indexed database search from January 2021 to August 2026 was completed using keywords for Achilles tendinopathy, exercise, loading, rehabilitation, resistance. After removing duplicates, 79 articles were screened for eligibility, 48 full texts were evaluated. In total, 30 articles were included in the systematic review. Progressive loading programs seem to improve pain and function, but no exercise program was found to be superior over another; however, eccentrics, heavy slow resistance and progression loading seem effective. Tendon load may be influenced by dosage, ankle dorsiflexion, speed, and task. Very low evidence for exclusively footballers and basketballers with verified Achilles tendinopathy indicates resistance may benefit rehabilitation, while also ensuring that resistance is based on the site of tendinopathy, symptom irritability, load tolerance, and the demands of the sport.
Keywords: Achilles tendinopathy, resistance training, eccentric exercise, football, basketball, rehabilitation.
Información del manuscrito:
Fecha de recepción: 23 de junio de 2026.
Fecha de aceptación: 15 de agosto de 2026.
Fecha de publicación: 21 de septiembre de 2026.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Revista Científica Arbitrada en Investigaciones de la Salud GESTAR. ISSN: 2737-6273.
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