Relación entre el nivel de actividad física y el control de la diabetes en adultos mayores que acuden al primer nivel de atención
Palabras clave:
Actividad Física; Diabetes Mellitus; Adulto Mayor; Primer Nivel de Atención de SaludResumen
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/gt.v9i17.0372
Resumen
La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en adultos mayores constituye un problema de salud pública, particularmente en el primer nivel de atención, donde el personal de enfermería cumple un papel esencial en la promoción del autocuidado, la actividad física y el control metabólico. En este contexto, el estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre el nivel de actividad física y el control de la diabetes en adultos mayores que asisten a centros de salud tipo C. Se desarrolló una investigación con enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo observacional, analítico y transversal, con diseño no experimental correlacional. La muestra estuvo conformada por 195 adultos mayores con diabetes mellitus, seleccionados mediante muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Para la recolección de datos se aplicó una ficha sociodemográfica y clínica, la escala PASE para actividad física y el cuestionario SDSCA para autocuidado. El análisis estadístico se realizó en Jamovi mediante estadística descriptiva y prueba de chi-cuadrado de Pearson. Los resultados mostraron una edad media de 71.94 ± 6.08 años, tiempo promedio de enfermedad de 11.44 ± 5.26 años e IMC de 28.48 ± 4.10 kg/m². El nivel de actividad física se distribuyó de forma equilibrada entre bajo (33.8%), moderado (33.8%) y alto (32.3%). Predominó la adherencia de autocuidado moderada (60.0%) y el control glucémico intermedio (36.9%). No se evidenció una asociación marcada entre el nivel de actividad física y el control de la diabetes. Se concluye que el control metabólico en adultos mayores depende de múltiples factores, por lo que se requiere un abordaje integral de enfermería orientado a actividad física, educación, autocuidado y seguimiento continuo.
Palabras claves: Actividad Física; Diabetes Mellitus; Adulto Mayor; Primer Nivel de Atención de Salud.
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus in older adults is a public health problem, particularly in primary care settings, where nursing staff play an essential role in promoting self-care, physical activity, and metabolic control. In this context, the study aimed to determine the relationship between physical activity levels and diabetes control in older adults attending Type C health centers. A quantitative, observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study was conducted using a non-experimental correlational design. The sample consisted of 195 older adults with diabetes mellitus, selected through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. For data collection, a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, the PASE scale for physical activity, and the SDSCA questionnaire for self-care were administered. Statistical analysis was performed in Jamovi using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s chi-square test. The results showed a mean age of 71.94 ± 6.08 years, an average duration of illness of 11.44 ± 5.26 years, and a BMI of 28.48 ± 4.10 kg/m². The level of physical activity was evenly distributed among low (33.8%), moderate (33.8%), and high (32.3%). Moderate self-care adherence (60.0%) and intermediate glycemic control (36.9%) were predominant. No clear association was found between the level of physical activity and diabetes control. It is concluded that metabolic control in older adults depends on multiple factors, and therefore requires a comprehensive nursing approach focused on physical activity, education, self-care, and ongoing monitoring.
Keywords: Exercise; Diabetes Mellitus; Aged; Primary Health Care.
Información del manuscrito:
Fecha de recepción: 09 de febrero de 2026.
Fecha de aceptación: 20 de abril de 2026.
Fecha de publicación: 28 de mayo de 2026.
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