Efectividad de los programas de fortalecimiento del suelo pélvico en las primeras semanas del posparto: una revisión sistemática
Palabras clave:
suelo pélvico; incontinencia urinaria; posparto; prolapso de órganos pélvicos; rehabilitaciónResumen
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/gt.v9i18edespsep.0450
Resumen
El presente tiene como objetivo sintetizar la evidencia disponible sobre la efectividad de los programas de fortalecimiento del suelo pélvico (ejercicios de Kegel y/o biofeedback y/o electroestimulación) iniciados en el posparto temprano sobre la incontinencia urinaria (IU) y el prolapso de órganos pélvicos (POP), en comparación con el cuidado habitual; Métodos: revisión sistemática con búsqueda en PubMed y Scopus (registros exportados en agosto de 2026), siguiendo la metodología PRISMA 2020; se identificaron 197 registros, de los cuales 143 se cribaron tras eliminar duplicados, y 20 ensayos clínicos aleatorizados (ECA) cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad; Resultados: la mayoría de los ECA reportó mejoras significativas en la fuerza del suelo pélvico tras el entrenamiento estructurado; el efecto sobre la IU fue heterogéneo, con reducciones significativas frente al cuidado habitual o la educación general en varios ensayos, pero sin diferencias frente a un comparador activo en otros; la evidencia sobre el POP fue escasa y, en su mayoría, no mostró diferencias significativas entre grupos; Conclusión: el entrenamiento del suelo pélvico en el posparto temprano mejora de forma consistente la fuerza muscular, pero su efecto sobre la incontinencia urinaria depende del tipo de comparador y de la intensidad de la intervención; la evidencia sobre el prolapso de órganos pélvicos sigue siendo limitada, por lo que se requieren ECA de mayor calidad metodológica y con seguimiento a largo plazo.
Palabras claves: suelo pélvico; incontinencia urinaria; posparto; prolapso de órganos pélvicos; rehabilitación.
Abstract
The objective of this studio is to synthesize the available evidence on the effectiveness of pelvic floor strengthening programs (Kegel exercises and/or biofeedback and/or electrical stimulation) started in the early postpartum period on urinary incontinence (UI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP), compared with usual care; Methods: systematic review with searches in PubMed and Scopus (records exported in August 2026), following the PRISMA 2020 methodology; 197 records were identified, of which 143 were screened after removing duplicates, and 20 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met the eligibility criteria; Results: most RCTs reported significant improvements in pelvic floor strength after structured training; the effect on UI was heterogeneous, with significant reductions versus usual care or general education in several trials, but no differences versus an active comparator in others; evidence on POP was scarce and mostly showed no significant between-group differences; Conclusion: early postpartum pelvic floor training consistently improves muscle strength, but its effect on urinary incontinence depends on the type of comparator and the intensity of the intervention; evidence on pelvic organ prolapse remains limited, and higher-quality RCTs with long-term follow-up are needed.
Keywords: pelvic floor; urinary incontinence; postpartum period; pelvic organ prolapse; rehabilitation.
Información del manuscrito:
Fecha de recepción: 23 de junio de 2026.
Fecha de aceptación: 15 de agosto de 2026.
Fecha de publicación: 21 de septiembre de 2026.
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