Efectividad del entrenamiento combinado de fuerza y equilibrio en adultos mayores con artrosis: impacto en la independencia funcional, movilidad y riesgo de caídas. Una revisión sistemática

Alexandra Maribel Angulo-Carvajal; Mayra Jesenia Jara-Reyes; Alex Augusto Fernández-Fierro; Alex Omar Pérez-Cunalata

Authors

Angulo-Carvajal Alexandra Maribel Instituto Superior Tecnológico España. Ambato, Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7124-2520
Jara-Reyes Mayra Jesenia Instituto Superior Tecnológico España. Ambato, Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5797-4504
Fernández-Fierro Alex Augusto Instituto Superior Tecnológico España. Ambato, Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9593-6033
Pérez-Cunalata Alex Omar Docente del Instituto Superior Tecnológico España. Ambato, Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9188-7067

Keywords:

osteoarthritis; strength training; balance training; older adults; falls

Abstract

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/gt.v9i18edespsep.0432

Abstract

This one looked for to synthesize the available evidence on the effectiveness of strength and/or balance training programs (alone or combined) in older adults with osteoarthritis on functional independence, mobility, and fall risk, compared with usual care; Methods: systematic review with searches in PubMed, Scopus, and OpenAlex (records exported in August 2026), following the PRISMA 2020 methodology; 22 records were identified, of which 20 were screened after removing duplicates; since only one study specifically evaluated combined strength and balance training against a control, the intervention criterion was explicitly and transparently broadened to also include strength-only or balance-only training against a genuine control; 6 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met the eligibility criteria; Results: all six RCTs showed significant improvements in at least one functional or mobility outcome with training (strength, balance, or both) versus usual care; only one study directly compared strength alone versus strength combined with balance, finding no significant differences between the two active arms; direct evidence on fall risk as a measured outcome was virtually absent among the retrieved studies; Conclusion: strength and/or balance training improves function and mobility in older adults with osteoarthritis compared with usual care, but specific evidence on whether combining both components adds benefit over either component alone, as well as the direct effect on fall risk, remains scarce; more RCTs specifically designed to answer these two questions are needed.

Keywords: osteoarthritis; strength training; balance training; older adults; falls.

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References

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